Problems of City/Place Marketing

Presented as a report by J. B. Nangpuhan II (MPA Student) for the class (Urban Policy) of Dr. J. K. Seo at Chonnam National University, Korea in 2011 (Spring semester).

KEY TERMS:
·         City marketing
·         Place marketing
·         City promotion
·         Inward investment
·         Quality life

 

INTRODUCTION

City marketing is not just merely promoting the place and boosts its economic growth. It is not just improving the global image of the city but rather a place where its people will enjoy living a happy life – or shall we say towards quality life. In reality, we can perceive that a city is composed of several infrastructures and a mixture of people coming from different races. Not only are the rich people living in the city but also poor and homeless people. We can also see many business establishments and tall buildings comprising the whole network of transport facilities linking both ends of the city. The more people coming in to live in the city, the more complicated problems the city will face.

FOUNDATIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN

Presented as a report by J. B. Nangpuhan II (MPA student) for the class (Organizational Design) of Dr. S. K. Kim at CNU, Korea in 2010 (Fall semester).
 

SUMMARY

Key terms:

(division of labor, coordination, configurations, standardization, operators, managers, analysts, staff)

The structure of an organization can be defined simply as the sum total of the ways in which its labor is divided into distinct tasks and then its coordination is achieved among its tasks. Every human activity – from the making of pots to the placing of a man on the moon – gives two fundamental opposing requirements. First is the division of labor into various tasks to be performed and second is the coordination of these tasks to accomplish the activity. The elements of structure should be selected to achieve an internal consistency or harmony, as well as basic consistency with the organization’s situation – its size, its age, the kind of environment in which it functions, the technical system it uses, and so on. Indeed, these situational factors are often “chosen” no less than are the elements of structure themselves. The organization’s niche in its environment, how large it grows, the methods it uses to produce its products or services – all these are selected too. This leads us to the conclusion that both the design parameters and the situational factors should be clustered to create what we call configurations. In principle, there are a great number of configurations but in practice only few are effective for most organizations. The central theme of our book is that a limited number of these configurations explain most of the tendencies that drive effective organizations to structure themselves as they do. In other words, the design of an effective organizational structure – in fact, even the diagnosis of problems in many ineffective ones – seems to involve the consideration of only a few basic configurations. In this chapter, it introduces two concepts: description of basic mechanisms by which organizations achieve coordination, and description of organization itself, in terms of a set of interrelated parts.

THE POLICY EMPHASIS AND THE NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT (pages 130-149)

Presented as a report by J. B. Nangpuhan II (MPA student) for the class (Organization and Society) of Dr. H. G. Kim at Chonnam National University, Korea in 2010 (Fall Semester)

 

SUMMARY[1]

 

I.        (DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC POLICY ORIENTATION)

II.      (RESPONSIVENESS IN PUBLIC POLICY)

 

III.    EFFECTIVENESS IN POLICY

A.        Lowi’s “Interest-Group Liberalism”

B.         Government Coercion

 

IV.    THE DISCOVERY OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

A.        Policy Formation and Policy Execution

B.         Games Policy Makers Play

C.         Political and Economic Factors

 

THE RATIONAL MODEL OF ORGANIZATION (pages 81-91)

Presented as a report by J. B. Nangpuhan II (MPA Student) for the class (Organization and Society) of Dr. H. G. Kim at Chonnam National University, Korea on Nov. 3, 2010.

 

SUMMARY[1] 

 

I.        (A SCIENCE OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR)

II.      (THE GENERIC APPROACH TO ADMINISTRATION)

III.    (THE PROVERBS OF ADMINISTRATION)

IV.    (THE RATIONAL MODEL OF ADMINISTRATION)

 

V.      DECISION MAKING AND POLICY FORMULATION

These particular topics illustrate further the impact of the rational model to decision making and policy formulation and see how these have been treated by later writers.

The work of Simon through Administrative Behavior (1957a) is considered the study of decision making in organizations. He argued that decision making is the core of administration. Decision making is essentially the same as management itself. This is a new focus in contrast from the past view on decision making wherein it is concentrated at the highest organizational levels. This renewed decision making process involves from the decision of the chief executive to undertake a new program to the decision of the operative employee to carry out a given order. This process consists of three basic elements in decision making: a. Intelligence – involves scanning the environment and identifies occasions to make a decision; b. Design – involves finding or developing alternative courses of action; and c. Choice – involves selecting the alternative with the best chance of success.

THE INTELLECTUAL HERITAGE

Presented as a report by J. B. Nangpuhan II (MPA Student) for the class (Organization and Society) of Dr. H. G. Kim at Chonnam National University, Korea on Sept. 27, 2010.

 

SUMMARY

(In my group, we have divided the chapter into two and I will be presenting pages 26-39)

MAX WEBER (1864-1920)

He is a German sociologist and best known to students of public administration for his analysis of rational bureaucracy which had a broad impact on the social sciences. Among the three writers whose works are examined in this chapter, Weber has clearly had the most direct impact on theories of public organization although his influence was felt fairly late in the development of the field. 

TOWARD A GENERAL THEORY OF PLANNING: TENTATIVE CONCLUSIONS (Hansen Ozbekhan)

Presented by J. B. Nangpuhan II (MPA Student) to Dr. C. G. Song, Professor of Public Administration at Chonnam National University, South Korea under 'Introduction to Public Administration'. Date presented: 15Dec2010. 

 

SUMMARY

 

I: The real intention of the author is to develop approaches leading to a general theory. This allows him to organize the descriptive conclusions about planning, environment, purpose, and plan.

 

1.       Planning

It can be defined in its greatest generality as a future-directed decision process. The fundamental characteristic of this process is that it is conscious and rational. It represents acting on some object, defined as environment. Such action is undertaken for the purpose of effecting changes in the environment. Planning, therefore, can be said to include the following: (1) perception of the environment; (2) definition of the purpose of the changes one wishes to effect in the environment; (3) design of the acts whereby the environment will be altered.

THE POLICY ORIENTATION (Harold D. Laswell)

Presented by J. B. Nangpuhan II (MPA Student) to Dr. C. G. Song, Professor of Public Administration at Chonnam National University, South Korea under 'Introduction to Public Administration'. Date presented: 13Oct2010. 

 

 

SUMMARY

 

Key Terms:

1.       policy – 정책

2.       models – 모델

 

OVERVIEW ON POLICY ORIENTATION

For several years new trends toward integration have been gaining strength in America. This includes more rigid curriculum and devising survey courses to be introduced to students for them to learn broad fields of knowledge and to prepare the way for a vision of the whole. In the realm of policy, more attention has been given to planning, and to improving the information on which staff and operational decisions are based. There has been more awareness of the policy process as a suitable object of study in its own right, primarily in the hope of improving the rationality of the flow of decision.

THE ELEMENTS OF DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION (Edward W. Weidmer)

This paper was presented by J. B. Nangpuhan II (MPA Student) to Dr. C. G.  Song, Professor of Public Administration at Chonnam National University, South Korea. This topic is under 'Introduction to Public Administration'. Date presented: 15Dec2010.

SUMMARY

 

Key Terms:
·         Development – 개발
·         Change – 변경

INTRODUCTION

A decade ago, development administration was an unfamiliar and awkward label. Today, it is a term that identifies the professional interest of a substantial portion of the scholars of public administration and related disciplines. Since 1960, hundreds of articles and dozens of books have appeared on one or another aspect of development administration. It is now an accepted problem orientation in the social sciences. Let us look into certain developments in administration and the influence of these developments.

THE LACK OF A BUDGETARY THEORY (by: V.O. Key, Jr., 1940)

Presented by J. B. Nangpuhan II (MPA Student) to Dr. C. G. Song, Professor of Public Administration at Chonnam National University, South Korea under 'Introduction to Public Administration'. Date presented: 24Nov2010.

SUMMARY

 

Key Terms:
·         Budget – 예산
·         Economy – 경제
·         Public interest – 공공의 이익 

INTRODUCTION

On the most significant aspect of public budgeting, i.e., the allocation of public expenditures among different purposes so as to achieve the greatest return, American budgetary literature is singularly arid. Nevertheless, the absorption of energies in the establishment of the mechanical foundations for budgeting has diverted attention from the basic budgeting problem (on the expenditure side), namely: On what basis shall it be decided to allocate x dollars to activity A instead of activity B?

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