TOWARD A GENERAL THEORY OF PLANNING: TENTATIVE CONCLUSIONS (Hansen Ozbekhan)

Presented by J. B. Nangpuhan II (MPA Student) to Dr. C. G. Song, Professor of Public Administration at Chonnam National University, South Korea under 'Introduction to Public Administration'. Date presented: 15Dec2010. 

 

SUMMARY

 

I: The real intention of the author is to develop approaches leading to a general theory. This allows him to organize the descriptive conclusions about planning, environment, purpose, and plan.

 

1.       Planning

It can be defined in its greatest generality as a future-directed decision process. The fundamental characteristic of this process is that it is conscious and rational. It represents acting on some object, defined as environment. Such action is undertaken for the purpose of effecting changes in the environment. Planning, therefore, can be said to include the following: (1) perception of the environment; (2) definition of the purpose of the changes one wishes to effect in the environment; (3) design of the acts whereby the environment will be altered.

THE POLICY ORIENTATION (Harold D. Laswell)

Presented by J. B. Nangpuhan II (MPA Student) to Dr. C. G. Song, Professor of Public Administration at Chonnam National University, South Korea under 'Introduction to Public Administration'. Date presented: 13Oct2010. 

 

 

SUMMARY

 

Key Terms:

1.       policy – 정책

2.       models – 모델

 

OVERVIEW ON POLICY ORIENTATION

For several years new trends toward integration have been gaining strength in America. This includes more rigid curriculum and devising survey courses to be introduced to students for them to learn broad fields of knowledge and to prepare the way for a vision of the whole. In the realm of policy, more attention has been given to planning, and to improving the information on which staff and operational decisions are based. There has been more awareness of the policy process as a suitable object of study in its own right, primarily in the hope of improving the rationality of the flow of decision.

THE ELEMENTS OF DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION (Edward W. Weidmer)

This paper was presented by J. B. Nangpuhan II (MPA Student) to Dr. C. G.  Song, Professor of Public Administration at Chonnam National University, South Korea. This topic is under 'Introduction to Public Administration'. Date presented: 15Dec2010.

SUMMARY

 

Key Terms:
·         Development – 개발
·         Change – 변경

INTRODUCTION

A decade ago, development administration was an unfamiliar and awkward label. Today, it is a term that identifies the professional interest of a substantial portion of the scholars of public administration and related disciplines. Since 1960, hundreds of articles and dozens of books have appeared on one or another aspect of development administration. It is now an accepted problem orientation in the social sciences. Let us look into certain developments in administration and the influence of these developments.

THE LACK OF A BUDGETARY THEORY (by: V.O. Key, Jr., 1940)

Presented by J. B. Nangpuhan II (MPA Student) to Dr. C. G. Song, Professor of Public Administration at Chonnam National University, South Korea under 'Introduction to Public Administration'. Date presented: 24Nov2010.

SUMMARY

 

Key Terms:
·         Budget – 예산
·         Economy – 경제
·         Public interest – 공공의 이익 

INTRODUCTION

On the most significant aspect of public budgeting, i.e., the allocation of public expenditures among different purposes so as to achieve the greatest return, American budgetary literature is singularly arid. Nevertheless, the absorption of energies in the establishment of the mechanical foundations for budgeting has diverted attention from the basic budgeting problem (on the expenditure side), namely: On what basis shall it be decided to allocate x dollars to activity A instead of activity B?